WEST-E Social Studies Practice Test

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What philosophical principle did Hume and Bentham advocate?

Intuitive understanding is essential for knowledge
Empiricism - proof must be observed to believe
Rational thought should dictate governance
Political decisions should not be based on public opinion

The correct answer is: Empiricism - proof must be observed to believe

The philosophical principle advocated by both Hume and Bentham centers on empiricism, which posits that knowledge comes from sensory experience. Empiricism emphasizes that for something to be accepted as knowledge or true, it must be observed and verified through direct experience. Hume, a Scottish philosopher, argued that our understanding of reality is rooted in what we can observe, challenge, and test, rejecting ideas that cannot be substantiated through empirical evidence. Bentham, known for his work in utilitarianism, echoed this notion by asserting that moral and political decisions should be guided by empirical outcomes—what achieves the greatest good for the greatest number. This empirical approach contrasts with rationalism and other philosophical doctrines that may prioritize reason or intuition over observable data. Thus, the assertion that proof must be observed to believe captures the core of Hume's and Bentham's philosophical stance.